Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic syndrome usually diagnosed in childhood. Its reported prevalence ranges from one in 8000 to one in 45 000 with geographical variation. Clinical manifestations include obesity, hyperphagia, short stature, incomplete sexual development, and cognitive disabilities. The majority of published data regarding PWS comes from paediatric populations.Materials and methods: This is a retrospective observati...

Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of malignant and autoimmune diseases. Severe hyponatraemia is a serious electrolyte disorder with life threatening neurological sequelae. We report a case of recurrent severe, symptomatic hyponatraemia that developed in a 61 year old female with systemic vasculitis and Sjogrens syndrome following low-dose cyclophosphamide.Case report: A 61 year old lady, with ANA positive systemic vasculitis p...

Background: In Clinical Trials, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor analogs liraglutide and semaglutide have been shown to cause weight loss, reduced systolic blood pressure, effectiveglycemic control with low rates of hypoglycemia, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Through a retrospective clinical study, the authors aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the management of obesity in patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Me...

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. However, some aspects of its management remain controversial. The protocols provided by the British, European and American Thyroid Associations have changed recently and continue to evolve.We have audited the management of patients with thyroid cancer in a tertiary referral hospital and compared it with the guidelines from the Consensus Statement published by the European Thyroid Cancer Taskforce in...

Background: Many patients require IV insulin during their critical illness. Maintenance of insulin in St James’s Hospital ICU is governed by a local protocol. At the time of ICU discharge, IV insulin therapy is often stopped. Transitioning from IV to subcutaneous insulin is often done with endocrinology input. If this is unavailable inappropriate insulin dosing may increase the risk of hypo-/hyperglycaemia.Aims: To reduce the number of episodes of h...

Parathyroid cysts (PCs) are rare lesions usually found during exploration of neck and mediastinal masses. Ten percent of PCs can be functional and release parathyroid hormones causing hypercalcemia. Most PCs are small but lesions greater than 1 cm can exert pressure effects on adjacent structures\. Diagnosis can be challenging as PCs can mimic thyroid masses with no focal tracer uptake during most functional imaging modalities. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) can help if coupled ...

Background: Autoimmune Addison disease (AAD) is a rare but highly heritable endocrinopathy. The BACH2 protein plays a crucial role in T lymphocyte maturation, and in particular in regulatory T cell formation, and allelic variation in its gene has been associated with autoimmune conditions such as type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease and vitiligo. Its role in susceptibility to autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD) has not been investigated.Aim: T...

Background: RAI is used as definitive treatment for hyperthyroidism, but administered activities vary between institutions. We used a fixed activity of RAI therapy for Grave’s disease (GD) and toxic multinodular goitre (TMNG), and calculated activity for toxic adenoma (TA). We reviewed treatment outcomes at one year.Methods: Thyroid function tests 1 year post RAI were reviewed retrospectively to asess outcome for 79 hyperthyroid patients divided int...

The thyroid telephone clinic (TTC) was established to facilitate rapid decision making on timing of introducion of anti-thyroidals or L-thyroxine replacement therapy post RAI so avoiding unnecessary outpatient appointments or leaving patients with untreated hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. The TTC is also used to monitor TFTs during pregnancy and to dose-titrate treatment of unstable hypo- or hyperthyroid patients. This service is provided to patients who speak English fluen...

Background: Radioiodine (RAI) is widely used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Most patients respond to RAI therapy with a normalization of TFTs and improvement in clinical symptoms within 4–8 weeks. Hypothyroidism may occur from 4 weeks on, with 40% of patients being hypothyroid by 8 weeks and >80% by 16 weeks. American thyroid association guidelines recommend testing for free T4, total T3, and TSH within the first 1–2 months after RAI. Biochemical monitorin...